From: Chemical assessment of mycotoxin contaminants and veterinary residues in Costa Rican animal feed
Samples (n, counts) | Prevalence, %[Samples over limit of detection, (n)] | Minimum mycotoxin concentration ± Ux/x, μg kg− 1 | Maximum mycotoxin concentration ± Ux/x, μg kg− 1 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Concentration rangea, μg kg− 1 |  |  |  | ||||
x < LoD | x < 5 | 5 ≤ x < 10 | 10 ≤ x <  20 | x ≥ 20 | |||
 Aflatoxin B 2 | |||||||
196 | 6 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 4.39 [9] | 0.46 ± 0.06 | 22.39 ± 2.73 |
 Aflatoxin G 1 | |||||||
195 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 4.88 [10] | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 22.95 ± 2.80 |
 Aflatoxin B 1 | |||||||
193 | 11 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 5.85 [12] | 0.016 ± 0.002 | 12.61 ± 1.54 |
 Aflatoxin G 2 | |||||||
179 | 24 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 12.68 [26] | 0.054 ± 0.007 | 19.14 ± 2.34 |
x < LoD | x <  250 | 250 ≤ x < 500 | 500 ≤ x < 1000 | x ≥ 1000 |  |  |  |
 β-zearalenol | |||||||
202 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1.46 [3] | 228.03 ± 27.86 | 1900.62 ± 232.24 |
 Nivalenol | |||||||
199 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2.93 [6] | 16.71 ± 2.04 | 1202.75 ± 146.98 |
 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol | |||||||
186 | 11 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 8.78 [18] | 1.88 ± 0.23 | 3236.56 ± 395.51 |
 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol | |||||||
186 | 16 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 9.27 [19] | 1.74 ± 0.21 | 355.60 ± 43.45 |
 α-zearalenol | |||||||
183 | 20 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 10.73 [22] | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 920.65 ± 112.50 |
 Deoxynivalenol | |||||||
180 | 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 12.20 [25] | 0.20 ± 0.02 | 364.10 ± 44.49 |
 Zearalenone | |||||||
170 | 18 | 8 | 4 | 5 | 24.75 [35] | 70.37 ± 80.60 | 6518.28 ± 796.54 |
x < LoD | 50 < x | 125 ≤ x < 250 | 250 ≤ x < 500 | x ≥ 500 |  |  |  |
 Fusarenone-X | |||||||
203 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.98 [2] | 64.49 ± 7.93 | 470.52 ± 57.99 |
 Diacetoxyscirpenol | |||||||
198 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3.41 [7] | 42.92 ± 5.25 | 1132.19 ± 138.34 |
 Citrinin | |||||||
197 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.90 [8] | 0.34 ± 0.03 | 52.48 ± 6.41 |
x < LoD | 5 < x | 10 ≤ x < 25 | 25 ≤ x < 50 | x ≥ 50 |  |  |  |
 Patulin | |||||||
203 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0.98 [2] | 56.65 ± 6.92 | 88.56 ± 10.82 |
 Neosolaniol | |||||||
201 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1.95 [4] | 49.52 ± 6.05 | 911.64 ± 111.39 |
 Ochratoxin B | |||||||
199 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2.93 [6] | 6.28 ± 0.77 | 180.50 ± 22.05 |
 Ochratoxin A | |||||||
184 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 11 | 10.24 [21] | 3.64 ± 0.44 | 590.79 ± 72.19 |
x < LoD | x < 250 | 250 ≤ x < 500 | 500 ≤ x < 1000 | x ≥ 1000 |  |  |  |
 Sterigmatocystin | |||||||
199 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2.93 [6] | 330.02 ± 40.32 | 1246.54 ± 152.32 |
 Enniatin B 1 | |||||||
190 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7.32 [15] | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 158.43 ± 19.36 |
 T-2 toxin | |||||||
187 | 17 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.78 [18] | 1.67 ± 0.20 | 254.17 ± 31.06 |
 HT-2 toxin | |||||||
181 | 23 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 11.71 [24] | 6.38 ± 0.78 | 303.22 ± 37.05 |
 Enniatin B | |||||||
174 | 5 | 11 | 10 | 5 | 15.12 [31] | 143.11 ± 17.49 | 3566.81 ± 435.83 |
x < LoD | x < 1250 | 1250 ≤ x < 2500 | 2500 ≤ x < 5000 | x ≥ 5000 |  |  |  |
 Fumonisin B 1 | |||||||
103 | 92 | 6 | 4 | 0 | 49.76 [102] | 43.64 ± 5.33 | 4554.36 ± 556.36 |
 Fumonisin B 2 | |||||||
95 | 88 | 10 | 8 | 4 | 53.66 [110] | 24.01 ± 2.93 | 8646.67 ± 1056.64 |